![]() ![]() As a result, the acceleration a is now pointing downward, and the upward velocity V is now decreasing. This means that the only force acting on the ball is gravity. However, since the ball is no longer deformed it has essentially zero contact force with the surface. The velocity V is still pointing upward since the ball is still in the rebounding stage. In this stage, the ball is barely touching the surface. This means that the acceleration a is still pointing upward. As a result, the ball is less deformed than in the previous stage, but is still deformed enough such that it's pushing against the surface with a force greater than its own weight. In this stage, the ball velocity V is increasing and pointing upward since the ball is now in the rebounding stage. This means that point C is at its lowest point. As a result, the acceleration a is still pointing upward, and the velocity V is zero. In this stage, the ball has reached its maximum deformation. As a result, the acceleration a is pointing upward. This means that the ball has deformed enough such that it's pushing against the surface with a force greater than its own weight. However, the ball has deformed sufficiently such that the acceleration a is now pointing upward. The velocity V is still pointing downward. The velocity V and acceleration a (equal to g) both continue to point downward. It continues to fall vertically downward under the influence of gravity. In this stage, the ball begins to make contact with the surface. (Note that the acceleration due to gravity is g = 9.8 m/s 2, on earth). The magnitude of a is equal to g, in the absence of air resistance. In this stage, the ball falls vertically downward under the influence of gravity ( g). Let's further assume that the ball has uniform density, which means that point C of the ball coincides with its center of mass. Let's define the geometric center of the ball as point C, the velocity of point C as V, and the acceleration of point C as a. To simplify the discussion let's assume that the bounce surface is hard (rigid), and that air resistance is negligible. In this explanation, the bouncing ball physics will be broken down into seven distinct stages, in which the ball motion (before, during, and after impact) is analyzed. To begin this explanation let's first consider what happens to a typical rubber ball that is dropped vertically onto a flat horizontal surface, and which falls under the influence of gravity. But what isn't known to most is what is specifically happening to the ball before, during, and after its brief impact with the surface. Normally we don't think about the physics of bouncing balls too much as it's fairly obvious what is happening – the ball basically rebounds off a surface at a speed proportional to how fast it is thrown. These principles will be discussed.Īlmost everybody, at some point in their lives, has bounced a rubber ball against the wall or floor and observed its motion. Thus you get the value of g in your lab setup.Bouncing ball physics is an interesting subject of analysis, demonstrating several interesting dynamics principles related to acceleration, momentum, and energy. Then take an average value of the four g values found. ![]() So in this case for four data sets, you will get 4 values of g. Substitute each set of period (T) and length (L) from the test data table into the equation, and calculate g. #ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY LAB AP PHYSICS HOW TO#Now for each of the 4 records, we have to calculate the value of g (acceleration due to gravity) Now see, how to calculate and what formula to use. Table 1: Recording the following data for 4 sets of string length (1) Time for 10 oscillations & (2) Period (T) Calculating g (acceleration due to gravity) Record the data in the table below following the instructions in the section above. Use appropriate formulae to find the period of the pendulum and the value of g (see below).Repeat step 4, changing the length of the string to 0.6 m and then to 0.4 m.Change the length of the string to 0.8 m, and then repeat step 3.Note: Divide the time by 10 to calculate the period of the swings, where the period is the time needed by the pendulum for one complete swing. Use a stopwatch to record the time for 10 complete oscillations. Move the mass so that the string makes an angle of about 5° with the vertical.Measure the effective length of the pendulum from the top of the string to the center of the mass bob.Set up the apparatus as shown in the diagram:. ![]()
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